Axios 是一个基于 promise 的 HTTP 库,可以用在浏览器和 node.js 中。##Axiosnpm versionbuild statuscode coveragenpm downloadsgitter chatAxios 是一个基于 promise 的 HTTP 库,可以用在浏览器和 node.js 中。Features从浏览器中创建 XMLHttpRequests从 node.js 创建 http 请求支持 Promise API拦截请求和响应转换请求数据和响应数据取消请求自动转换 JSON 数据客户端支持防御 XSRF浏览器支持** ** ** ** ** **Latest ✔ Latest ✔ Latest ✔ Latest ✔ Latest ✔ 8+ ✔Browser Matrix安装使用 npm:$ npm install axios使用 bower:$ bower install axios使用 cdn:Example执行 GET 请求// 为给定 ID 的 user 创建请求axios.get('/user?ID=12345') .then(function (response) { console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); });// 可选地,上面的请求可以这样做axios.get('/user', { params: { ID: 12345 } }) .then(function (response) { console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); });执行 POST 请求axios.post('/user', { firstName: 'Fred', lastName: 'Flintstone' }) .then(function (response) { console.log(response); }) .catch(function (error) { console.log(error); });执行多个并发请求function getUserAccount() { return axios.get('/user/12345');}function getUserPermissions() { return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');}axios.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()]) .then(axios.spread(function (acct, perms) { // 两个请求现在都执行完成 }));axios API可以通过向 axios 传递相关配置来创建请求axios(config)// 发送 POST 请求axios({ method: 'post', url: '/user/12345', data: { firstName: 'Fred', lastName: 'Flintstone' }});axios(url[, config])// 发送 GET 请求(默认的方法)axios('/user/12345');请求方法的别名为方便起见,为所有支持的请求方法提供了别名axios.request(config)axios.get(url[, config])axios.delete(url[, config])axios.head(url[, config])axios.post(url[, data[, config]])axios.put(url[, data[, config]])axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])NOTE在使用别名方法时, url、method、data 这些属性都不必在配置中指定。并发处理并发请求的助手函数axios.all(iterable)axios.spread(callback)创建实例可以使用自定义配置新建一个 axios 实例axios.create([config])var instance = axios.create({ baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/', timeout: 1000, headers: { 'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'}});实例方法以下是可用的实例方法。指定的配置将与实例的配置合并axios#request(config)axios#get(url[, config])axios#delete(url[, config])axios#head(url[, config])axios#post(url[, data[, config]])axios#put(url[, data[, config]])axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])请求配置这些是创建请求时可以用的配置选项。只有 url 是必需的。如果没有指定 method,请求将默认使用 get 方法。{ // `url` 是用于请求的服务器 URL url: '/user', // `method` 是创建请求时使用的方法 method: 'get', // 默认是 get // `baseURL` 将自动加在 `url` 前面,除非 `url` 是一个绝对 URL。 // 它可以通过设置一个 `baseURL` 便于为 axios 实例的方法传递相对 URL baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/', // `transformRequest` 允许在向服务器发送前,修改请求数据 // 只能用在 'PUT', 'POST' 和 'PATCH' 这几个请求方法 // 后面数组中的函数必须返回一个字符串,或 ArrayBuffer,或 Stream transformRequest: [function (data) { // 对 data 进行任意转换处理 return data; }], // `transformResponse` 在传递给 then/catch 前,允许修改响应数据 transformResponse: [function (data) { // 对 data 进行任意转换处理 return data; }], // `headers` 是即将被发送的自定义请求头 headers: { 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'}, // `params` 是即将与请求一起发送的 URL 参数 // 必须是一个无格式对象(plain object)或 URLSearchParams 对象 params: { ID: 12345 }, // `paramsSerializer` 是一个负责 `params` 序列化的函数 // (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/) paramsSerializer: function(params) { return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'}) }, // `data` 是作为请求主体被发送的数据 // 只适用于这些请求方法 'PUT', 'POST', 和 'PATCH' // 在没有设置 `transformRequest` 时,必须是以下类型之一: // - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams // - 浏览器专属:FormData, File, Blob // - Node 专属: Stream data: { firstName: 'Fred' }, // `timeout` 指定请求超时的毫秒数(0 表示无超时时间) // 如果请求话费了超过 `timeout` 的时间,请求将被中断 timeout: 1000, // `withCredentials` 表示跨域请求时是否需要使用凭证 withCredentials: false, // 默认的 // `adapter` 允许自定义处理请求,以使测试更轻松 // 返回一个 promise 并应用一个有效的响应 (查阅 [response docs](#response-api)). adapter: function (config) { /* ... */ }, // `auth` 表示应该使用 HTTP 基础验证,并提供凭据 // 这将设置一个 `Authorization` 头,覆写掉现有的任意使用 `headers` 设置的自定义 `Authorization`头 auth: { username: 'janedoe', password: 's00pers3cret' }, // `responseType` 表示服务器响应的数据类型,可以是 'arraybuffer', 'blob', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream' responseType: 'json', // 默认的 // `xsrfCookieName` 是用作 xsrf token 的值的cookie的名称 xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default // `xsrfHeaderName` 是承载 xsrf token 的值的 HTTP 头的名称 xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // 默认的 // `onUploadProgress` 允许为上传处理进度事件 onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) { // 对原生进度事件的处理 }, // `onDownloadProgress` 允许为下载处理进度事件 onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) { // 对原生进度事件的处理 }, // `maxContentLength` 定义允许的响应内容的最大尺寸 maxContentLength: 2000, // `validateStatus` 定义对于给定的HTTP 响应状态码是 resolve 或 reject promise 。如果 `validateStatus` 返回 `true` (或者设置为 `null` 或 `undefined`),promise 将被 resolve; 否则,promise 将被 rejecte validateStatus: function (status) { return status >= 200 && status < 300; // 默认的 }, // `maxRedirects` 定义在 node.js 中 follow 的最大重定向数目 // 如果设置为0,将不会 follow 任何重定向 maxRedirects: 5, // 默认的 // `httpAgent` 和 `httpsAgent` 分别在 node.js 中用于定义在执行 http 和 https 时使用的自定义代理。允许像这样配置选项: // `keepAlive` 默认没有启用 httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }), httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }), // 'proxy' 定义代理服务器的主机名称和端口 // `auth` 表示 HTTP 基础验证应当用于连接代理,并提供凭据 // 这将会设置一个 `Proxy-Authorization` 头,覆写掉已有的通过使用 `header` 设置的自定义 `Proxy-Authorization` 头。 proxy: { host: '127.0.0.1', port: 9000, auth: : { username: 'mikeymike', password: 'rapunz3l' } }, // `cancelToken` 指定用于取消请求的 cancel token // (查看后面的 Cancellation 这节了解更多) cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) { })}响应结构某个请求的响应包含以下信息{ // `data` 由服务器提供的响应 data: {}, // `status` 来自服务器响应的 HTTP 状态码 status: 200, // `statusText` 来自服务器响应的 HTTP 状态信息 statusText: 'OK', // `headers` 服务器响应的头 headers: {}, // `config` 是为请求提供的配置信息 config: {}}使用 then 时,你将接收下面这样的响应:axios.get('/user/12345') .then(function(response) { console.log(response.data); console.log(response.status); console.log(response.statusText); console.log(response.headers); console.log(response.config); });在使用 catch 时,或传递 rejection callback 作为 then 的第二个参数时,响应可以通过 error 对象可被使用,正如在错误处理这一节所讲。配置的默认值 / defaults你可以指定将被用在各个请求的配置默认值全局的 axios 默认值axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';自定义实例默认值// 创建实例时设置配置的默认值var instance = axios.create({ baseURL: 'https://api.example.com'});// 在实例已创建后修改默认值instance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;配置的优先顺序配置会以一个优先顺序进行合并。这个顺序是:在 lib/defaults.js 找到的库的默认值,然后是实例的 defaults 属性,最后是请求的 config 参数。后者将优先于前者。这里是一个例子:// 使用由库提供的配置的默认值来创建实例// 此时超时配置的默认值是 `0`var instance = axios.create();// 覆写库的超时默认值// 现在,在超时前,所有请求都会等待 2.5 秒instance.defaults.timeout = 2500;// 为已知需要花费很长时间的请求覆写超时设置instance.get('/longRequest', { timeout: 5000});拦截器在请求或响应被 then 或 catch 处理前拦截它们。// 添加请求拦截器axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) { // 在发送请求之前做些什么 return config; }, function (error) { // 对请求错误做些什么 return Promise.reject(error); });// 添加响应拦截器axios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) { // 对响应数据做点什么 return response; }, function (error) { // 对响应错误做点什么 return Promise.reject(error); });如果你想在稍后移除拦截器,可以这样:var myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () { /*...*/});axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);可以为自定义 axios 实例添加拦截器var instance = axios.create();instance.interceptors.request.use(function () { /*...*/});错误处理axios.get('/user/12345') .catch(function (error) { if (error.response) { // 请求已发出,但服务器响应的状态码不在 2xx 范围内 console.log(error.response.data); console.log(error.response.status); console.log(error.response.headers); } else { // Something happened in setting up the request that triggered an Error console.log('Error', error.message); } console.log(error.config); });可以使用 validateStatus 配置选项定义一个自定义 HTTP 状态码的错误范围。axios.get('/user/12345', { validateStatus: function (status) { return status < 500; // 状态码在大于或等于500时才会 reject }})取消使用 cancel token 取消请求Axios 的 cancel token API 基于 cancelable promises proposal,它还处于第一阶段。可以使用 CancelToken.source 工厂方法创建 cancel token,像这样:var CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;var source = CancelToken.source();axios.get('/user/12345', { cancelToken: source.token}).catch(function(thrown) { if (axios.isCancel(thrown)) { console.log('Request canceled', thrown.message); } else { // 处理错误 }});// 取消请求(message 参数是可选的)source.cancel('Operation canceled by the user.');还可以通过传递一个 executor 函数到 CancelToken 的构造函数来创建 cancel token:var CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;var cancel;axios.get('/user/12345', { cancelToken: new CancelToken(function executor(c) { // executor 函数接收一个 cancel 函数作为参数 cancel = c; })});// 取消请求cancel();Note : 可以使用同一个 cancel token 取消多个请求SemverUntil axios reaches a 1.0 release, breaking changes will be released with a new minor version. For example 0.5.1, and 0.5.4 will have the same API, but 0.6.0 will have breaking changes.Promisesaxios 依赖原生的 ES6 Promise 实现而被支持.如果你的环境不支持 ES6 Promise,你可以使用 polyfill.TypeScriptaxios includes TypeScript definitions.import axios from 'axios';axios.get('/user?ID=12345');ResourcesChangelogUpgrade GuideEcosystemContributing GuideCode of ConductCreditsaxios is heavily inspired by the $http service provided in Angular. Ultimately axios is an effort to provide a standalone $http-like service for use outside of Angular.升级指南Upgrade Guide0.13.x -> 0.14.0TypeScript DefinitionsThe axios TypeScript definitions have been updated to match the axios API and use the ES2015 module syntax.Please use the following import statement to import axios in TypeScript:import axios from 'axios';axios.get('/foo') .then(response => console.log(response)) .catch(error => console.log(error));agent Config OptionThe agent config option has been replaced with two new options: httpAgent and httpsAgent. Please use them instead.{ // Define a custom agent for HTTP httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }), // Define a custom agent for HTTPS httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true })}progress Config OptionThe progress config option has been replaced with the onUploadProgress and onDownloadProgress options.{ // Define a handler for upload progress events onUploadProgress: function (progressEvent) { // ... }, // Define a handler for download progress events onDownloadProgress: function (progressEvent) { // ... }}0.12.x -> 0.13.0The 0.13.0 release contains several changes to custom adapters and error handling.Error HandlingPrevious to this release an error could either be a server response with bad status code or an actual Error. With this release Promise will always reject with an Error. In the case that a response was received, the Error will also include the response.axios.get('/user/12345') .catch((error) => { console.log(error.message); console.log(error.code); // Not always specified console.log(error.config); // The config that was used to make the request console.log(error.response); // Only available if response was received from the server });Request AdaptersThis release changes a few things about how request adapters work. Please take note if you are using your own custom adapter.Response transformer is now called outside of adapter.Request adapter returns a Promise.This means that you no longer need to invoke transformData on response data. You will also no longer receive resolve and reject as arguments in your adapter.Previous code:function myAdapter(resolve, reject, config) { var response = { data: transformData( responseData, responseHeaders, config.transformResponse ), status: request.status, statusText: request.statusText, headers: responseHeaders }; settle(resolve, reject, response);}New code:function myAdapter(config) { return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { var response = { data: responseData, status: request.status, statusText: request.statusText, headers: responseHeaders }; settle(resolve, reject, response); });}See the related commits for more details:Response transformersRequest adapter Promise0.5.x -> 0.6.0The 0.6.0 release contains mostly bug fixes, but there are a couple things to be aware of when upgrading.ES6 Promise PolyfillUp until the 0.6.0 release ES6 Promise was being polyfilled using es6-promise. With this release, the polyfill has been removed, and you will need to supply it yourself if your environment needs it.require('es6-promise').polyfill();var axios = require('axios');This will polyfill the global environment, and only needs to be done once.axios.success/axios.errorThe success, and error aliases were deprectated in 0.4.0. As of this release they have been removed entirely. Instead please use axios.then, and axios.catch respectively.axios.get('some/url') .then(function (res) { /* ... */ }) .catch(function (err) { /* ... */ });UMDPrevious versions of axios shipped with an AMD, CommonJS, and Global build. This has all been rolled into a single UMD build.// AMDrequire(['bower_components/axios/dist/axios'], function (axios) { /* ... */});// CommonJSvar axios = require('axios/dist/axios');生态系统EcosystemThis is a list of axios related libraries and resources. If you have a suggestion on what to add, please don’t hesitate to submit a PR.Librariesmoxios - Mock axios requests for testingaxios-response-logger - Axios interceptor which logs responsesaxios-mock-adapter — Axios adapter that allows to easily mock requestsredux-axios-middleware - Redux middleware for fetching data with axios HTTP clientaxios-vcr - Record and Replay Axios requests@3846masa/axios-cookiejar-support - Add tough-cookie support to axiosvue-axios - A small wrapper for integrating axios to Vuejs本文作者: IIsKei本文链接: http://www.iskei.cn/posts/12277.html版权声明: 本博客所有文章除特别声明外,均采用 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 许可协议。转载请注明出处!